In 2003, a Royal Decree transferred the Department of Forestry from the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives' roles were redefined to focus on agriculture, water resource management, irrigation system development, farmer promotion and development, cooperative system promotion and development, and the overall agricultural production process and agricultural products. The ministry's responsibilities, as defined by law, encompass all related functions assigned to it or its affiliated agencies.

At the beginning of King Rama V's reign, there was an era of governmental reform and the establishment of various ministries to propel prosperity. The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives undergone its first major restructuring during this period. It was transformed from the Ministry of Agriculture (Department of Rice Fields) to the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. For the first time, the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce assumed the role of promoting and supporting agriculture, in addition to its existing duties related to rice cultivation, taxation, and food supply management.

1. Office of the Minister
2. Office of the Permanent Secretary
3. Royal Irrigation Department
4. Cooperative Auditing Department
5. Department of Fisheries
6. Department of Livestock Development
7. Land Development Department
8. Department of Agriculture
9. Department of Agricultural Extension
10. Cooperative Promotion Department
11. Agricultural Land Reform Office
12. Office of Agricultural Economics
13. National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards

1. Rubber Estate Organization
2. Rubber Replanting Aid Fund
3. Fish Marketing Organization
4. Marketing Organization for Farmers
5. Dairy Farming Promotion Organization of Thailand